Resumo As aves de rapina representam uma fonte importante de parasitas heteroxenos. Porém, a maioria dos relatos são da Europa. O gavião-asa-de-telha (Parabuteo unicinctus) é uma espécie amplamente distribuída no continente Americano, porém estudos parasitológicos nessas aves têm documentado achados coprológicos e ectoparasitas, com poucos relatos sobre endoparasitas como helmintos. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever novas associações parasita-hospedeiro para o gavião-asa-de-telha e rapinantes neotropicais. Vinte nove aves provenientes do centro e sul do Chile foram submetidas à necropsia. Por outro lado, nove aves de um centro de reabilitação e 22 espécimes de museu foram inspecionados em busca de ectoparasitas. Do total de aves, 68,3% foram identificadas como portadoras de pelo menos uma espécie de parasita. Quatro espécies de piolhos, um ácaro e oito helmintos (cinco nematoides, dois platelmintos e um acantocéfalo) foram registrados. Os piolhos Colpocephalum nanum, Nosopon chanabense e o nematóide Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana são reportados pela primeira vez em rapinantes neotropicais. Colpocephalum nanum, N. chanabense, Pseudalloptinus sp., Physaloptera alata, Microtetrameres sp., C. (H.) americana e Neodiplostomim travassosi, são reportados pela primeira vez no Chile. A diversidade de helmintos heteróxenos, identificados neste trabalho, poderia ser explicada devido à dieta geralista do gavião-asa-de-telha.

Abstract Birds of prey harbor a wide spectrum of various parasites, mostly with a heteroxenous life cycle. However, most reports on their parasites come from Europe. Although the Harris’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) is a widespread species in America, parasitological surveys on this hawk are mostly focused on coprological findings and ectoparasites, with poor attention paid to helminths. The aim of this study was to gather new and additional data on host-parasite associations for the Harris’s hawk. Twenty-nine birds from central and southern Chile were necropsied. Further, nine birds from a rehabilitation center and 22 museum specimens were inspected for ectoparasites. Sixty-eight percent of birds hosted at least one parasite species. Four lice species, one mite species and eight helminth species (five nematodes, two platyhelminthes and one acanthocephalan) were recorded. Parasitic lice Colpocephalum nanum and Nosopon chanabense, and a nematode Cyathostoma (Hovorkonema) americana were recorded for the first time in raptors from the Neotropics. A feather mite, Pseudalloptinus sp., nematodes, Physaloptera alata and Microtetrameres sp., and a trematode Neodiplostomim travassosi, were recorded for the first time in Chile. The presence of diverse heteroxenous helminths reported here in the Harris’s hawk could be explained by the generalist diet of this raptor.

Resumo Os parasitas são componentes importantes da biodiversidade, uma vez que fornecem informação valiosa sobre a saúde do hospedeiro, relações evolutivas, estruturas populacionais, interações tróficas, a existência de pressões ambientais e das condições climáticas. Com o objetivo de descrever parasitas associada com papagaios do gênero Enicognathus (Gray 1840) no Chile central, foram examinados entre setembro de 2007 e março de 2014 treze periquitos austrais Enicognathus ferrugineus e cinco periquitos de bico fino E. leptorhynchus. A prevalência dos ecto e endoparasitas foi de 88,9% e 22,2% respectivamente. Em onze E. ferrugineus (84,6%) e na totalidade dos E. leptorhynchus analisados (100%), coletaram-se cinco espécies de ácaros de pena (Pararalichus hastifolia, Genoprotolichus major, Protonyssus sp., Fainalges sp. e Eurydiscalges sp.); os piolhos Heteromenopon macrurum, Psittacobrossus patagoni, e Paragoniocotes enicognathidis foram coletados de dez E. ferrugineus (76,9%) e dois E. leptorhynchus (40%). Por outro lado, os nematódeos Capillaria plagiaticia e Ascaridia hermaphrodita foram isolados de três E. ferrugineus (23,1%) e de um E. leptorhynchus (20%). O achado de C. plagiaticia, Protonyssus sp., Fainalges sp. e Eurydiscalges sp. parasitando Enicognathus spp. corresponde ao primeiro relato dessas espécies de parasitas para no Chile e representam novas associações parasita-hospedeiro.

Abstract Parasite species are important components of biodiversity, as they provide valuable information about host health, evolutionary relationships, population structures, trophic interactions, the existence of environmental stresses, and climatic conditions. With the aim of describing the parasites associated with parrots of the genus Enicognathus Gray 1840 from central Chile, thirteen austral parakeets, Enicognathus ferrugineus, and five slender-billed parakeets, E. leptorhynchus, were examined between September 2007 and March 2014. The prevalence of ectoparasites and endoparasites was 88.9% and 22.2%, respectively. On eleven of the E. ferrugineus (84.6%) analyzed, and on all of the E. leptorhynchus analyzed (100%), five feather mite species (Pararalichus hastifolia, Genoprotolichus major, Protonyssus sp., Fainalges sp., and Eurydiscalges sp.) were collected. On ten E. ferrugineus (76.9%) and two E. leptorhynchus (40%), the chewing lice Heteromenopon macrurum, Psittacobrossus patagoni, and Paragoniocotes enicognathidis were collected. The nematode Capillaria plagiaticia was collected from three E. ferrugineus (23.1%), and the nematode Ascaridia hermaphrodita was found in one E. leptorhynchus (20%). The presence of C. plagiaticia, Protonyssus sp., Fainalges sp., and Eurydiscalges sp. from the two Enicognathus spp. are new records for Chile and represent new parasite-host associations.

Myrsidea serini (Séguy, 1944) é registrada de três passarinhos distintos como hospedeiros na Argentina e Chile: Carduelis barbata (Molina, 1782) (Fringillidae), Chrysomus thilius petersi (Laubmann, 1934) e Agelaioides badius badius (Vieillot, 1819) (Icteridae). Características somáticas e medidas corporais de exemplares disponíveis dessas populações de hospedeiros são comparados com os registrados a partir de hospedeiros do Velho Mundo, com apenas pequenas diferenças em algumas medidas no corpo (aqui interpretadas como relacionado a diferença entre o tamanho dos hospedeiros), mas similares com relação a sua quetotaxia. Esta espécie foi encontrada em sinoxenia com Myrsidea psittaci Carriker, 1955 parasitando C. t. petersi em pelo menos duas localidades na Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Estudos comparativos da superfície coriônica dos ovos, sítios preferenciais de oviposição, e prevalência foram realizados para ambas as espécies, além de algumas observações sobre uma espécie ainda problemática, Myrsidea argentina (Kellogg, 1906), originalmente registrada em Carduelis magellanica (Vieillot, 1805).

Myrsidea serini (Séguy, 1944) is recorded from three different passerine hosts from Argentina and Chile: Carduelis barbata (Molina, 1782) (Fringillidae), Chrysomus thilius petersi (Laubmann, 1934) and Agelaioides badius badius (Vieillot, 1819) (Icteridae). Somatic features and body measurements from available specimens belonging to these host-populations are compared with those recorded from Old World hosts, finding only some slight differences in certain body measurements (here interpreted as correlated to differences in host sizes), but none in chaetotaxy. This species was synoxenic with Myrsidea psittaci Carriker, 1955 on C. t. petersi in at least two localities in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Comparative studies of external chorionic architecture of the eggs, preferential sites of oviposition, prevalence has been carried out for both species, along with some remarks concerning the still problematic species, Myrsidea argentina (Kellogg, 1906), originally recorded off Carduelis magellanica (Vieillot, 1805).

The threat caused by the spread of exotic elmleaf blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius (Schott)) in Reserva Natural Municipal Laguna de los Padres (RNMLP), prompted the study of carabid assemblages associated with native wood remnants of Colletia paradoxa ((Spreng.) Escal.), Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. and Salix humboldtiana (Willd) that still persist. We found that species richness was higher in the wood of S. humboldtiana (DE), followed by that of C. paradoxa (BC) and C. ehrenbergiana with two different anthropic uses (Talar with recreational use (TR) and Talar anthropized (TA). BC and DE, located within the protected and conservation zone, taken together, accounted for more than 85% (53 species) of the total specific richness surveyed, while TR and TA, both located outside the protected zone, contributed with 56% (35 species). Carabid assemblages differed internally throughout the seasons, and also among them in species composition and dominance. The most abundant species was Argutoridius bonariensis (Dejean) which dominated in TA and TR assemblages during all seasons. DE and BC revealed their own set of species, including an endemism for the first. Predators were the most abundant trophic guild for all sites. The conservation status and possible natural or artificial factors that determine the diversity of carabids found for each forest was discussed.

Frente a la amenaza que ha provocado la expansión de la exótica zarzamora (Rubus ulmifolius (Schott)) en la Reserva Natural Municipal Laguna de los Padres (RN-MLP), surgió la necesidad de estudiar los ensambles de carábidos asociados a los remanentes de bosque nativo de "curro" (Colletia paradoxa ((Spreng.) Escal.)), tala (Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm.) y sauce (Salix humboldtiana (Willd)) que aún persisten. Se encontró que la riqueza específica es mayor en el bosque de S. humboldtiana (DE), seguida por el bosque de C. paradoxa (BC) y luego por los bosques de C. ehrenbergiana con distinto uso antrópico (Talar de uso recreativo (TR) y Talar antropizado (TA)). BC y DE localizados dentro de la zona intangible y de conservación, tomados en conjunto, aportaron más del 85% (53 especies) de la riqueza específica total relevada, mientras que TR y TA ubicados fuera de estas zonas aportaron un 56% (35 especies). Los ensambles de carábidos fueron diferentes a lo largo del año y entre sí para los distintos bosques. La especie más abundante fue Argutoridius bonariensis (Dejean) y dominó los ensambles de TA y TR durante las cuatro estaciones. En DE y BC se destacaron especies propias y un endemismo para el DE. Los predadores constituyeron el gremio trófico más abundante para todos los sitios. Se discutió para cada bosque su estado de conservación y los posibles factores naturales o artificiales que condicionan la diversidad de carábidos encontrada.

Our purpose was to perform a research on the peridomestic carabid diversity in a Celtis tala Guillies ex Planch forest, at Laguna Nahuel Rucá, Mar Chiquita district. A species inventory and the comparison of the seasonal variation of cumulative species richness, as well as community structure and functional groups were carried out. During one year (March 2008-March 2009), 2588 carabids belonging to 63 species were collected, representing the 84%-93% of the estimated richness. Cumulative species richness during spring and summer was higher than in autumn and winter (p<0.05). Two species, Argutoridius bonariensis (Dejean) and Pachymorphus striatulus (Fabricius), represented a total of 47% of captures and were dominant in all seasons. Concerning trophic guilds, zoophagous represented more than 50% of the assemblage in all seasons, while phytophagous and omnivorous remained at low percentages in autumn-winter (<10%); the former reached a peak in spring (20%), and the latter in summer (34%). Regarding humidity affinities, mesophilous species conformed more than 70% of the assemblage and hygrophilous and xerophilous reached less than 20%. We discuss the probable causes of such higher carabid diversity wandering through the talar stand and their simplified surroundings, as well as the influence that these factors exert on composition and structure of the ground beetle assemblage.

Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la diversidad de carábidos en un área peridomiciliaria del talar de Laguna Nahuel Rucá, Mar Chiquita. Realizamos un inventario de las especies, comparamos la variación estacional en la diversidad alfa acumulada, la estructura del ensamble y los grupos funcionales. En el año de muestreo (marzo 2008-marzo 2009), capturamos 2.588 individuos distribuidos en 63 especies, que representaron el 84-93% de la riqueza estimada. La riqueza específica fue mayor en primavera y verano, en relación a otoño e invierno (p<0,05). Argutoridius bonariensis (Dejean) y Pachymorphus striatulus (Fabricius) representaron el 47% del total de individuos y dominaron en todas las estaciones. En referencia al trofismo, los zoófagos representaron más del 50% del ensamble en todas las estaciones; los fitófagos y omnívoros mantuvieron bajos porcentajes en los meses fríos (<10%), los primeros alcanzaron el máximo en primavera (20%) y los últimos en verano (34%). En cuanto a las preferencias de humedad del hábitat, los mesófilos conformaron más del 70% del ensamble; los hidrófilos y los xerófilos, menos del 20%. Discutimos la alta diversidad de carábidos que transitan a través del talar y sus ambientes modificados, y la influencia que estos pueden ejercer sobre la composición y la estructura del ensamble.

The three nymphal instars of Abrocomophaga hellenthali Price & Timm, 2000 are described and compared with both sexes of the adult stage. The most remarkable quali and quantitative body features of all instars are cathegorized and its progression along the development stated.

A new species of Phtheiropoios parasitic Ctenomys species from Córdoba Province, Argentina is described. The new species differs from the remaining two included in the "forficulatus-group" by measurements, lesser number of abdominal setae on segments I-IV, size and proportions of the male external genitalia, as well as size, shape and proportions of the thumb and tarsomere II of the male forficula. In addition to the external chorionic architecture of the eggs and morphological description, the distribution of the "forficulatus-group" on their host species is analyzed, concluding that they are geographically allopatric, and underwent their own evolutionary history within three different Ctenomys lineages

En este trabajo nos ocupamos de una especie nueva de Phtheiropoios, parásita de una especie aún no descripta de Ctenomys procedente de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Se diferencia de las dos restantes incluidas en el "grupo forficulatus" por sus medidas corporales, menor número de setas abdominales en los segmentos I-IV, tamaño y proporciones de los genitales externos masculinos, y tamaño, forma y proporciones del dígito y tarsómero II de la forfícula masculina. Además de la característica coriónica externa de los huevos y la descripción morfológica, se analiza la distribución de las tres especies de este grupo en sus hospederos respectivos, concluyendo que todas son geográficamente alopátricas y que han tenido su propia historia evolutiva dentro de tres linajes diferentes de Ctenomys

The subject of this work is a study of the mean abundance, prevalence and preference of Amblyopinodes gahani gahani in different sexes and species of Sigmodontinae in each season of the year. The rodents examined belong to four species and were sampled monthly from March 1990 to December 1991. A total of 344 specimens of Amblyopinodes gahani gahani were collected upon them. On Oxymycterus rufus (Fischer), the hocicudo común (N= 81 specimens), mean abundance (MA) was = 2.38, prevalence (P)= 71.60% and specific index (SI)= 127.27. On Scapteromys aquaticus Thomas, the rata acuática (N= 64), MA= 2.33, P= 62.50% and SI= 124.60. On O. flavescens (Waterhouse), the colilargo chico (N= 39), MA= 0.05, P= 5.13% and SI= 2.67. No Staphylinidae were collected on Akodon azarae (Fischer), the ratón de azara (N= 22). Only the Amblyopinodes gahani gahani - O. rufus association was significant and positive (X²:30.35 (gl=1); p<0.05; Cab = 0.34 ± 0.06). No difference was detected between male and female rodents (O. rufus, U= 730.00, p=0,41; N= 1.94; and S. aquaticus, U= 508.00, p= 0,97; N= 0.85). Between the different seasons of the year, O. rufus: H = 5.05, p>0.05 n.s.; and S. aquaticus: H = 17.43, p<0.05. The results support the recognition of O. rufus as the rodent species which guarantees the permanence of Amblyopinodes gahani gahani in the study area. Meanwhile S. aquaticus is an alternative resource.

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la abundancia media, prevalencia y preferencia de Amblyopinodes gahani gahani en roedores Sigmodontinae de diferente sexo y especie en las distintas estaciones del año. Los roedores examinados pertenecían a cuatro especies y fueron capturados mensualmente desde Marzo de 1990 hasta Diciembre de 1991. En total se recolectaron 344 especímenes de Amblyopinodes gahani gahani. En Oxymycterus rufus (Fischer), el hocicudo común (N= 81 especímenes), la abundancia media (AM) fue = 2.38, la prevalencia (P)= 71.60% y el índice de especificidad (SI)= 127.27. En Scapteromys aquaticus Thomas, la rata acuática (N= 64), AM= 2.33, P= 62.50% y SI= 124.60. En O. flavescens (Waterhouse), el colilargo chico (N= 39), AM= 0.05, P= 5.13% y SI= 2.67. No se recolectaron Staphylinidae de Akodon azarae (Fischer), el ratón de azara (N= 22). Sólo la asociación Amblyopinodes gahani gahani - O. rufus fue significativa y positiva (X²:30.35 (gl=1); p<0.05; Cab = 0.34 ± 0.06). No se detectaron diferencias entre roedores machos y hembras (O. rufus, U= 730.00, p=0,41; N= 1.94; y S. aquaticus, U= 508.00, p= 0,97; N:0.85). Entre las diferentes estaciones del año, O. rufus: H = 5.05, p>0.05 n.s.; y S. aquaticus: H = 17.43, p<0.05. Los resultados sostienen que O. rufus es la especie que garantiza la permanencia de Amblyopinodes gahani gahani en el área de estudio, mientras que S. aquaticus es un recurso alternativo.

The prevalence of the parasitic disease Pediculosis capitis was studied over a period of one year from 1-8-1992 to 31-7-1993, in Sanitary Region XI of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina which is composed of 15 districts located on the ENE, and in other areas under the influence of the Hospital Interzonal de Agudos, Especialidad Pediatría "Sup. Sor María Ludovica" de Plata, center of this Sanitary Region. A total number of 552 individuals of from medium to medium low social level of the child population of from 0 to 16 years of age were sampled at random over 52 consecutive weeks. All individuals who actually had the parasite at the time of examination were considered as positive for this disease. The results are expressed in terms of prevalence and its monthly and seasonal variations analyzed. Prevalence showed high values during all months, the lowest being in February (12%) and the highest in August (56.8%), the annual mean being of 38.04% (+/- 4.05%). Seasonally, its lowest value occurred in the summer (16.8%), the values for the remaining seasons being very similar to one another, but always higher than 38%.

Se estudió la prevalencia de la Pediculosis capitis como enfermedad parasitaria durante el año calendario 1-8-1992 al 31-7-1993, en la Región Sanitaria XI de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que comprende 15 partidos del Este Noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires y otras zonas de influencia del Hospital Interzonal de Agudos, Especialidad Pediatría "Sor María Ludovica", cabecera de dicha Región Sanitaria. Se examinaron un total de 552 individuos de nivel social medio a medio bajo de la población infanto-juvenil de O a 16 años, tomados al azar en 52 muestreos semanales consecutivos, considerándose como positivos para esta enfermedad a aquellos parasitados al momento del diagnóstico. Los resultados se expresan en términos de prevalencia analizándose su variación mensual y estacional. La prevalencia fue relativamente alta en todos los meses, con valores mínimos en febrero (12%) y máximos en agosto (56,8%), siendo la media anual de 38,04% (+/- 4,05). Estacionalmente, su menor valor corresponde al Verano (16,8%), siendo muy semejantes los valores para las restantes estaciones, manteniéndose siempre superiores al 38%.

The prevalence of the parasitic disease Pediculosis capitis was studied over a period of one year from 1-8-1992 to 31-7-1993, in Sanitary Region XI of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina which is composed of 15 districts located on the ENE, and in other areas under the influence of the Hospital Interzonal de Agudos, Especialidad Pediatría "Sup. Sor María Ludovica" de Plata, center of this Sanitary Region. A total number of 552 individuals of from medium to medium low social level of the child population of from 0 to 16 years of age were sampled at random over 52 consecutive weeks. All individuals who actually had the parasite at the time of examination were considered as positive for this disease. The results are expressed in terms of prevalence and its monthly and seasonal variations analyzed. Prevalence showed high values during all months, the lowest being in February (12%) and the highest in August (56.8%), the annual mean being of 38.04% (+/- 4.05%). Seasonally, its lowest value occurred in the summer (16.8%), the values for the remaining seasons being very similar to one another, but always higher than 38%.

Se estudió la prevalencia de la Pediculosis capitis como enfermedad parasitaria durante el año calendario 1-8-1992 al 31-7-1993, en la Región Sanitaria XI de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que comprende 15 partidos del Este Noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires y otras zonas de influencia del Hospital Interzonal de Agudos, Especialidad Pediatría "Sor María Ludovica", cabecera de dicha Región Sanitaria. Se examinaron un total de 552 individuos de nivel social medio a medio bajo de la población infanto-juvenil de O a 16 años, tomados al azar en 52 muestreos semanales consecutivos, considerándose como positivos para esta enfermedad a aquellos parasitados al momento del diagnóstico. Los resultados se expresan en términos de prevalencia analizándose su variación mensual y estacional. La prevalencia fue relativamente alta en todos los meses, con valores mínimos en febrero (12%) y máximos en agosto (56,8%), siendo la media anual de 38,04% (+/- 4,05). Estacionalmente, su menor valor corresponde al Verano (16,8%), siendo muy semejantes los valores para las restantes estaciones, manteniéndose siempre superiores al 38%.